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Accidently Horse Meat Passed Off as Beef in Texas

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Nutrient scandal in Europe

Sign in a Tesco supermarket following the removal of beefburgers adulterated with horse meat

The 2013 Equus caballus Meat Scandal was a food manufacture scandal in parts of Europe in which foods advertised as containing beef were found to contain undeclared or improperly alleged horse meat – equally much as 100% of the meat content in some cases.[one] A smaller number of products too independent other undeclared meats, such as pork.[2] The consequence came to light on 15 January 2013, when it was reported that equus caballus Dna had been discovered in frozen beefburgers sold in several Irish and British supermarkets.[3]

The analysis stated that 23 out of 27 samples of beefiness burgers too contained hog DNA. Several religious groups globally are forbidden to consume to pork due to their religious beliefs.[4]

While the presence of undeclared meat was not a health effect, the scandal revealed a major breakdown in the traceability of the food supply chain, and the risk that harmful ingredients could have been included every bit well. Sports horses, for example, could have entered the food supply chain, and with them the veterinary drug phenylbutazone which is banned in food animals. The scandal afterwards spread to xiii other European countries, and European regime decided to find an EU-broad solution. They initiated meat testing of virtually 4,000 horse meat samples for the veterinary drug.

Investigations [edit]

Irish gaelic Investigations [edit]

Investigations by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland (FSAI) resulted in Ireland being the first EU state to report the presence of horse meat in beef and make the results public.[five] The first positive test for equine Deoxyribonucleic acid was on 10 December 2012.[6] It carried out additional tests on xviii and 21 Dec.[6] The FSAI and so sent samples to the Eurofins laboratory in Germany. Professor Alan Reilly of the FSAI testified to the Oireachtas on 5 February 2013 that the results indicated the presence of equine Deoxyribonucleic acid, simply non the amount. The IdentiGen Laboratory and the Eurofins Laboratory were asked to determine the amount of horse meat in the samples.[6] On 21 Dec 2012, the FSAI requested that the Department of Agronomics, Nutrient and the Marine in Ireland obtain further samples.[6] These were sent to the Identigen laboratory on 4 January 2013.[6]

Results were received back from Eurofins and Identigen on 11 January 2013.[6] Professor Reilly reported on 5 February that quantitative results from Identigen were received by the FSAI tardily on the evening of xi January 2013. Of the x burger products that tested positive for equine Deoxyribonucleic acid, all but one was at low levels. The quantification of the equine Deoxyribonucleic acid in this i burger product gave an estimated corporeality of 29% equine Dna relative to the beef Dna content of the burger product. This product was manufactured past Silvercrest on behalf of Tesco. At this point, there was no explanation for the finding of 29% equine DNA relative to beef DNA in this unmarried sample.[6] On xiv Jan 2013 the FSAI informed the Department of Health and the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine of the final results. On the aforementioned solar day information technology besides informed the Food Standards Agency in the Britain.

The adjacent day, 15 January 2013, the FSAI advised the five retailers concerned, Tesco, Dunnes Stores, Aldi, Lidl and Iceland, of their findings;[half dozen] all these firms withdrew the offending products.[6] The media and newspapers of 16 Jan 2013 led with the story, focusing on the one burger which tested positive for 29% equine DNA.[seven] [8]

Another significant investigation into the horse meat affair in Ireland by Ireland's Department of Agronomics, published its findings in March 2013. This report's investigation "ended that there is no show that Silvercrest knowingly purchased horsemeat"[9]

UK Investigations [edit]

In the UK, a Business firm of Eatables Select Committee on Surround, Nutrient and Rural Affairs study on the horse meat incident was not critical of Uk or Irish gaelic producers. It expressed business that horsemeat contamination was the consequence of fraud and other criminal activity across the Eu. Chair of the Committee Anne McIntosh MP said: "The prove suggests a complex network of companies trading in and mislabeling beefiness or beef products which is fraudulent and illegal."[10] [11]

The second major UK report on the horse meat incident was conducted past Professor Chris Elliott, the Managing director of the Institute for Global Nutrient Security at Queen'south Academy Belfast. In his independent report he argues that food crime was at the heart of the horse meat incident: and made a range of suggestions for how this could exist tackled. "Industry, government and enforcement agencies should, as a precautionary principle, ever put the needs of consumers above all other considerations, and this means giving food safety and food crime prevention – i.eastward. the deterrence of dishonest behavior – accented priority over other objectives."[12]

Exam results [edit]

Of 27 beefiness burger products tested, 37% were positive for equus caballus DNA, and 85% were positive for sus scrofa DNA. Of 31 beef meal products tested, 21 were positive for pig DNA only all were negative for horse Deoxyribonucleic acid. nineteen salami products were tested only were negative for all foreign Dna.[13] Of the 37% of beef products tested positive for equus caballus Deoxyribonucleic acid, Tesco's Everyday Value Beefiness Burgers tested at 29.1%. All other reported brands had less than 0.3% horse Deoxyribonucleic acid. These products originated from Liffey Meats and Silvercrest Foods in Republic of ireland and Dalepak Hambleton food processing plant in the United Kingdom. Trace amounts of horse Deoxyribonucleic acid were also found in raw ingredients imported from Spain and the Netherlands.[14]

Laboratory Dna investigations were requested past the authorities into possible donkey meat adulteration of minced meat products labelled equally 100% beefiness.[15] British company Primerdesign provided many of the tests to laboratories and companies wishing to examination for contagion.[16]

Companies [edit]

ABP Food Grouping [edit]

By xvi January 2013 four subsidiaries of ABP Food Group had been accused of supplying adulterated meat. They were Silvercrest in County Monaghan, Dalepak in N Yorkshire, Freshlink in Glasgow, ABP Nenagh in County Tipperary, Ireland and Dairy Crest, Rossington.

Hamburger meat from Silvercrest Foods, a subsidiary of Larry Goodman'southward ABP Food Group, in County Monaghan, Republic of ireland, was found to contain 29% horse meat relative to beef. Porcine DNA was as well plant.[ii] Tesco dropped Silvercrest as a supplier of processed meat, but ABP said that it "welcomed their decision to continue sourcing fresh beef from other ABP companies".[17] On 15 Feb 2013 Tesco said, "We will no longer work with the suppliers who barbarous beneath our very loftier standards."[eighteen]

The start apparent instance of fresh beef being adulterated with horse meat was reported by Asda, which removed its 500-gram own-characterization beefiness Bolognese sauce from sale.[xix] The sauce was supplied by Greencore, which said in a statement that the meat in the sauce had been supplied past ABP Food Group's Nenagh plant in County Tipperary, Ireland.[twenty] On iv March 2013 Greencore announced[21] that "multiple further tests for the presence of equine Deoxyribonucleic acid on the same batch of the same production using both screening and quantitative tests (in line with FSA testing protocols) at two different, contained accredited laboratories accept all produced negative results" and "an all-encompassing programme of testing of other finished product and raw material at the Bristol facility has produced negative results for the presence of equine DNA. The investigation of the overall incident, overseen past an contained good... included an audit of ABP Food Grouping's plant in Nenagh, Ireland... found no evidence of contagion in the supply chain."

Burger King, which had more than than 500 fast food outlets in Republic of ireland and the Great britain at the fourth dimension, dropped Silvercrest every bit a supplier,[22] using suppliers in Germany and Italy instead,[23] after horse meat was institute in their supply chain.[24]

Waitrose removed beef meatballs from sale when it plant that they contained pork. The meatballs were manufactured by an ABP manufacturing plant in Glasgow. Waitrose, part of John Lewis, said information technology would be creating a new facility to supply its own beefiness products.[25]

Tesco, the Co-operative Group, Iceland and Aldi too cancelled contracts with ABP Food Group considering of the adulteration.[26] [27] [28]

Nutrient wholesaler Makro, supplier to the eating place and pub industry,[29] announced that some of its frozen burgers supplied past Silvercrest tested positive for horse Dna. A spokesman said that Makro no longer sold the production in question.[xxx]

Spanghero [edit]

On 14 February 2013, the French authorities stated that French meat processing company À la Table de Spanghero knowingly sold horse meat labelled as beef, and that their licence was suspended while an inquiry took place.[31] Spanghero imported meat from Romania and sold it on to another French visitor, Comigel, which made frozen ready meals at its factory in Grand duchy of luxembourg. French Consumer Affairs Minister Benoît Hamon said the meat had left Romania clearly and correctly labelled every bit equus caballus and that it was afterwards that information technology was relabelled equally beef by Spanghero.[31] The investigation also said some blame may rest with Comigel, claiming the staff at that place should have noticed anomalies in the paperwork, and realised from the scent and look of the meat in one case it was defrosted that it was not beef.[31]

Comigel [edit]

On 7 February 2013, Findus appear that in a sample of 18 beef lasagne products that it tested, 11 contained betwixt 60% and 100% equus caballus meat.[32] Information technology was also revealed that some of the products sold had minced meat alleged as beefiness that was threescore–100% horse meat.[33] The source of the equus caballus meat was third party supplier Comigel, a French-headquartered frozen set up meal producer, from its subsidiary Tavola factory in Capellen, Grand duchy of luxembourg. Co-ordinate to the FSA the visitor had been alerted by a third-political party French supplier on four February 2013, and tested its beef lasagne products finding over l% of the tested products contained equus caballus meat. According to reports both Findus U.k. and the French supplier withdrew all products related to the third party supplier. The reason for the adulteration was initially stated equally "highly likely" criminal activity.[34]

The president of Comigel, Erick Lehagre, told Agence France-Presse that the adulterated meat supplier was Spanghero, a house owned by Lur Berri and founded in 1970 by Claude and Laurent Spanghero, 2 former France international rugby players.[35] He said that Spanghero had told him that the meat was not from France, but came from a producer in Romania.[36] On 11 February 2013 France's Consumer Affairs Minister Benoit Hamon warned it "will not hesitate" to take legal action if there is evidence companies had knowingly duped consumers. Hamon said an initial investigation by French safety authorities had found a French company Poujol (Spanghero's holding visitor) bought frozen meat from a Cypriot trader. That trader had bought it from Dutch nutrient supplier Draap (the Dutch give-and-take for horse, Paard spelled backwards), endemic past Jan Fasen, who was previously bedevilled in 2012 for horse meat fraud going back to 2007.[37] [38] Draap, in turn, bought information technology from two Romanaian slaughterhouses.[37] Poujol and so supplied a manufacturing plant in Luxembourg, owned by Comigel, which then supplied Findus and the British supermarkets. The Romanian government has stated that there are no contracts between the Romanian abattoirs and whatever French, Cypriot or Dutch meat processors.[39]

On 8 February 2013, Findus announced that it would no longer take meat from Comigel, and stopped further deliveries of the product in question. On the same mean solar day, Findus UK published a public apology on its website, also announcing that, following DNA testing, three of its products were found to contain horse tissue. These are the 320, 350 and 500 gram packages of Findus Beef Lasagne; the visitor offered a refund for products purchased.[twoscore] Findus Sverige AB also appear a call back of its 375 gram packs of gear up-fabricated single-portion lasagne (code 63957), and published a contact number for customers who had already purchased the products.[41] On 8 February 2013 supermarket chain Aldi announced that it would withdraw from sale Today'due south Special Frozen Beef Lasagne and Today's Special Frozen Spaghetti Bolognese, supplied by Comigel, later on tests constitute the meat content to exist between thirty and 100% equus caballus.

HJ Schypke [edit]

The Swiss-based company Nestlé reported on 18 February 2013 that it had found more than than ane% equus caballus DNA in two beef pasta products. It withdrew chilled pasta products, Buitoni Beef Ravioli and Beefiness Tortellini, in Italian republic and Spain.[42] [43] Sourced from sub-contractor HJ Schypke, itself a German language sub-contractor of Belgian-based Nestlé supplier JBS Toledo,[42] besides withdrew frozen Lasagnes à la Bolognaise Gourmandes, a product for catering businesses produced in French republic.[42] [43] [44]

Frigilunch [edit]

On 22 February 2013, Birds Eye revealed that DNA tests showed that horse meat was present in Birds Middle chili con carne sold in Belgium and supplied past Belgium house Frigilunch.[45] Birds Eye withdrew three prepare meals that contained beef from sale in the United kingdom.[45]

Sodexo [edit]

All of the frozen beefiness products produced by Sodexo, "one of the largest private catering businesses in Britain",[46] were withdrawn on 22 Feb 2013 following the discovery of horse DNA in a sample.[46] The visitor supplies 2,300 institutions within the UK, including schools, old-age people homes, prisons and branches of the armed forces.[46]

Kuršu Zeme [edit]

On 1 March the Department of Food and Veterinary of Lithuania appear that horse meat was found in three canned beef brands sold past Latvian visitor Kuršu Zeme.[47] Canned beefiness made by the Latvian company was removed from sale in Republic of lithuania.[48]

Wiljo Import en Export B.V. and Vleesgroothandel Willy Selten B.V. [edit]

On 10 April 2013, information technology was reported that two Dutch trading companies owned past the same person who had previously been investigated past food safe officials may have supplied 50,000 metric tonnes of adulterated beef containing horse meat since January 2011.[49]

Findus [edit]

On 7 February 2013, it was revealed by the Nutrient Standards Agency that the Findus beefiness lasagne range in the UK, France, Norway and Sweden and the shepherd'southward pie and moussaka ranges in France contained horse meat without proper annunciation or official scrutiny.[1] [50] [51] The contamination may take gone on since summer 2012 co-ordinate to a leaked document.[52]

Compass Grouping [edit]

Compass Group was the world's biggest catering firm at the time and discovered through conducting tests that it was unknowingly supplying curtained equus caballus meat in food products to a "small number" of schools in Northern Ireland.[53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58]

Whitbread [edit]

Whitbread, which was at the time Britain's biggest hotel group, likewise discovered through tests that it had unknowingly sold concealed horse meat in food products.[53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58]

Source of meat [edit]

The horse meat that was constitute in Comigel products originated at Doly Com,[59] a Romanian-based slaughterhouse. An inquiry by the French government showed that "the meat had left Romania clearly and correctly labelled as horse. Information technology was later that it was relabelled every bit beef."[lx] Doly Com supplied the equus caballus meat under a contract to Republic of cyprus-based Draap Trading Ltd, a meat trader which operates in holland. Information technology is endemic by a British Virgin Islands holding company, and January Fasen is a director. Draap spelt backwards is paard, the Dutch word for horse.[61] After having the equus caballus meat delivered to a cold storage visitor in Breda, Draap then sold the frozen meat to Spanghero,[62] who insist that it arrived at their Castelnaudary found labelled as "Beef – originating in European union".[37] [61] After some processing, Spanghero and so sent information technology to Comigel, where the cease products for sale were fabricated.[35] [37] Co-ordinate to French media reports, Spanghero falsified documents regarding the meat.[63]

Horse meat found in Silvercrest products is thought to have originated in Poland.[64]

Health implications [edit]

A pocket-sized survey, part of the EU-funded project FoodRisC, past a squad from University College Dublin and Brunel Academy found that health risks were not respondents' first concern, but rather that the claims made on labels did non lucifer the contents of food products.[65] Additional concerns included allegations that a "French plant which handled equus caballus meat sold in United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland as beefiness has previously been at the eye of a major E.coli discovery".[66] Enquiry into horse meat sources in the U.k. also revealed that Aintree racecourse has a contract with a licensed slaughterhouse in West Yorkshire to remove dead Grand National race horses. It is illegal for horses euthanised by injection to be put into the man nutrient chain.[67] Many chemical agents used for animal euthanasia leave residues in the meat which may exist harmful to humans, and have caused sickness and expiry in fauna predators and scavengers.[68] Aintree officials stated they were "as confident as nosotros possibly can be that no unfit meat ever reaches the human food chain."[67]

Phenylbutazone [edit]

In January 2013, concerns first arose about the possibility that horse meat containing traces of the veterinarian drug phenylbutazone could enter the homo food chain,[34] [52] in spite of regulations that horses treated with it cannot legally be used for homo consumption.[69] The drug, ordinarily known as "bute", is used as an analgesic in horses.[69] The upshot was also raised past politicians such every bit Labour political party MP Mary Creagh.[seventy]

In response, the Food Standards Agency (FSA) initially stated that in that location had been only five cases of slaughtered horses in the United kingdom which had been treated with phenylbutazone, none of which had entered the human food chain.[70] A subsequent review of 206 equus caballus carcasses slaughtered in the UK between 30 Jan and 7 Feb 2013 plant 8 were contaminated with phenylbutazone, 6 of which had been shipped to France.[67] The UK's Chief Medical Officer, Sally Davies, said the level of contamination, 1.9 mg/kg, posed "very little take a chance to homo health".[67] She added that effectually 500–600 burgers containing 100% horse meat would need to be eaten to receive the daily human therapeutic dose.[71] Additional tests at that time indicated than none of the products from Findus contained phenylbutazone.[67] Some other written report constitute that between ii and five percent of samples tested between 2007 and 2011 had phenylbutazone contamination, and that only 50 samples per year were tested. In 2012, 145 carcasses had been tested, and two out of the nine carcasses constitute positive for bute that yr were not reported to the FSA for seven months.[72] In April 2013, the FSA reported it had not just found more than than 1% horse DNA in Asda's 340 gram tins of "Smart Price Corned Beef" but information technology besides contained four ppb of phenylbutazone, mark the get-go fourth dimension since the outset of the scandal that bute had been detected in a meat product in the UK food concatenation.[73] [74]

All the same, one trouble raised was over documentation; all of the UK animals with phenylbutazone contagion tested in early 2013 possessed a "equus caballus passport" that immune the carcasses to be sold for human consumption.[67] The veterinary residues committee (VRC) reminded the public in July 2012 that it had been "repeatedly expressing business organization" about phenylbutazone contagion.[75] and contempo discoveries of contamination suggest that the passport system was non working.[72]

Phenylbutazone is used therapeutically in humans as a treatment for ankylosing spondylitis[76] when other treatments are not suitable.[69] The result on humans of depression-level exposure over an extended period has not been extensively formally studied. High incidences of focal necrosis were found in female rats fed depression doses of ane,two-diphenylhydrazine over fourth dimension.[77] Not-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) residues risk causing rare, just potentially fatal side-effects in humans.[78] At that place is inadequate data on carcinogenicity of phenylbutazone; it is non classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.[79]

There is likewise speculation that some horse meat from the United States, where phenylbutazone is ordinarily used, may accept entered the food chain via United mexican states and so been exported to Europe.[80] 1 reason for this is that Spanghero had purchased meat from a visitor, Draap, whose owner, January Fasen was previously convicted for fraud; as long ago as 2007, Draap had labelled horse meat imported from Mexico and South America equally Dutch or German beefiness.[37] The primary concern is horse meat from the Usa: upwardly to xv% of horses sent to slaughter in Canada or Mexico are sometime racehorses that have been given drugs during their racing career, such equally phenylbutazone, which are approved for employ in horses but non humans and behave the warning "Practise not utilise in horses intended for human consumption." Farther, they are given medication at levels that led a research veterinarian to call them "walking pharmacies". These animals may have meat also toxic to eat safely.[81]

Equine infectious anaemia [edit]

Some experts and UK government officials have raised concerns that horse meat from Romania could be contaminated with equine infectious anaemia (EIA).[66] Although EIA does non pose a risk to humans, it could be an indicator of additional health issues in horses that may stem from poor living conditions.[82] Since 2007, the European Spousal relationship has restricted consign of alive horses from Romania to whatsoever other Eu member country unless the animals have a Coggins test for Environmental impact assessment prior to export.[83] [84] Surround secretarial assistant Owen Paterson stated that "Romanian horse meat is not allowed in", though he best-selling that it could exist a serious problem if Romanian horse meat from animals with Environmental impact assessment had been imported.[85]

Some news outlets referred to Environmental impact assessment as "Horse AIDS",[66] [85] [86] even though information technology is not an immunodeficiency syndrome and the retrovirus that causes it is equid-specific.[87] EIA is, however, a lentivirus, similar HIV,[88] and thus inquiry on EIA has the potential to aid research efforts with HIV/AIDS.[89]

Contributory causes [edit]

An article by Will Hutton about contamination in the UK lays much of the responsibility at the door of those who have (in the name of relaxing stifling ruddy tape) removed much of the regulation of the meat industry, and cutting the budgets and workforces—halving the number of inspectors—of those responsible for enforcing the remaining regulations.[90] Another article points out that "Long business supply chains are corruptible and tin can hide a multitude of crimes if no ane checks for fraud or criminal activity".[91]

In Britain, the incident was a catalyst for the discussion of the validity of a self-regulated meat manufacture. Karen Jennings, assistant general secretary of the UNISON trades union, said that "the industry isn't fit to regulate itself".[92]

Implications for religious groups [edit]

Observant Muslims and Jews consider information technology sinful to eat certain types of meat, pork for both groups and likewise horse and many other animals for Jews, due to religious prohibitions. Professor Reilly stated "for some religious groups or people who abstain from eating pig meat, the presence of traces of grunter DNA is unacceptable".[93] On 15 March 2013 it was confirmed by a Westminster survey on health and safety that pig DNA had been institute in halal craven sausages produced for schools.[94]

Reactions [edit]

'Neigh equus caballus in our burgers', a satire on the scandal exterior a pub in Wetherby, Westward Yorkshire.

Horse meat is not ordinarily eaten in Ireland and United kingdom. Co-ordinate to Professor Reilly, chief executive of the FSAI, "In Ireland, information technology is non our culture to eat equus caballus meat and therefore, we practice not expect to find it in a burger".[95] Silvercrest, a subsidiary of ABP Foods has claimed that in that location is no risk to the public upon eating the strange meat.[96] Eleven firms, including Tesco and Asda, said they shared shoppers' "anger and outrage".[56] Whitbread vowed to remedy the unacceptable situation.[97] The Food Standards Agency'due south (FSA) chief executive, Catherine Brown likewise said "it is unlikely we will always know" how many unwittingly ate horsemeat.[55]

Tesco's market value dropped by €360 million.[98]

European Union officials [edit]

Eu officials, European ministers and Commissioner (Tonio) Borg ready an urgent meeting in Brussels on 13 Feb 2013 on how to contain the equus caballus meat scandal that exposed flaws in European command systems on food prophylactic, and to formulate an action programme.[99] Following the meeting, EU agronomics ministers announced a three-calendar month coordinated control programme of Dna testing of processed meat across the European union.[100] The programme, adopted xix February 2013, called for 2,500 random tests on processed food for horse Dna and 4,000 for phenylbutazone (bute), get-go in March 2013, with initial results announced on 15 April 2013. The Hague-based Europol would handle co-ordination of the investigations among national regime and whatsoever raids on premises every bit well as arrests on suspicion of criminal conspiracy to defraud.[101] [102]

Sales drib [edit]

On 26 February 2013 it was announced that sales of frozen hamburgers had fallen by 43% and frozen ready meals by thirteen% from levels before the scandal. The study took place 21 January – 17 Feb. [103] Sales of bona fide horse meat, on the other hand, increased in those Eu countries where it is moderately common.

Factories [edit]

Table of factories that produced adulterated foods
Parent company Mill name Wellness mark (mill number) Accost Location % of sample contaminated
ABP Nutrient Group[104]
Silvercrest Foods IE 565 EC[105] Ballybay, County Monaghan, Ireland 54°07′57″N 6°54′25″W  /  54.1326°Due north half dozen.9070°W  / 54.1326; -half-dozen.9070 29.i[104] [105]
Dalepak Hambleton UK HN012 EC[105] Leeming Bar Industrial Estate, Northallerton, North Yorkshire, England 54°18′17″N 1°33′59″W  /  54.3046°N one.5664°W  / 54.3046; -i.5664 0.1[105]
Liffey Meats Liffey Meats IE 325 EC[105] Ballyjamesduff, County Cavan, Republic of ireland 53°51′10″N 7°12′23″W  /  53.8527°N seven.2065°Due west  / 53.8527; -seven.2065 trace[105]
Comigel Tavola – Capellen, Grand duchy of luxembourg 49°38′52″N 5°59′08″E  /  49.6479°N 5.9855°E  / 49.6479; 5.9855 30–100[33]

Arrests [edit]

On 23 May 2013, a Dutch meat wholesaler, Willy Selten, was arrested for allegedly selling 300 tonnes of horsemeat as beef. Selten, who owns the meat wholesaler Willy Selten BV, was arrested together with the company's interim manager.[106] In October Barry Gardiner MP, the UK shadow Environs minister criticised the lack of prosecutions of leading players x months after David Cameron promised that everything possible would be done to bargain with a "very shocking" crime. Gardiner said "The extraordinary thing is that because of its clout, industry has been able to commit what appears to exist a criminal offence – selling the public horsemeat falsely labelled as beef – and just say they are pitiful and didn't know."[107]

On 26 August 2016, Andronicos Sideras, possessor of Dinos and Sons Ltd, was charged with conspiring with Ulrich Nielsen and Alex Ostler-Beech, of Flexi Foods, to sell horsemeat as beefiness between 1 January 2012 – 31 October 2012 by the Urban center of London Constabulary.[108] On 2 August 2017 Sideras was jailed for iv years and 6 months and Nielsen for three years and six months, while Ostler-Beech was given an xviii-month suspended sentence and a 120 hour-community service guild.[109]

December seizures [edit]

In Dec 2013 consignments of equus caballus meat were seized and arrests fabricated. 21 people were arrested on Monday 16 December in various parts of the South of France. This meat was from horses that had been kept on a farm attached to a scientific laboratory, and was non certified as fit for human consumption. A dealer from Narbonne was helping law with enquiries.[110]

Timeline [edit]

Appointment Event
2012 Summer Adulteration may have started, according to a leaked document.[52]
2012-11-30 FSAI receives results from the Identigen laboratory on samples bought on 7–9 November 2012, which were Salami products (19), beef meal products (31) and beef burger products (27). Where the quantitative test resulted in 23 (85%) beef burger products tested positive for porcine (pig) DNA and x (37%) beef burger products tested positive for equine (horse) Deoxyribonucleic acid. The burgers came from six plants in Ireland and 3 plants in the Great britain. The products which tested positive for equine DNA came from ii plants in Ireland and 1 in the UK.[six]
2012-12-07 Irish gaelic authorities become aware of the adulteration in ABP Food Group burgers with 29% horse meat content.[111]
2012-12-10 FSAI receives laboratory result from DNA sequencing confirms presence of equine (horse) and porcine (squealer) Dna.[half dozen]
2012-12-18 FSAI receives laboratory confirmation on equine (equus caballus) Deoxyribonucleic acid from another round of purchased burger samples from 10 December from the same or similar product batches to the original samples that tested positive.[6]
2012-12-19 FSAI receives result that the 10 burgers sampled on 7 to nine November 2012, that tested positive for equine (equus caballus) Dna were negative for the presence of phenylbutazone and other drugs.[6]
2013-01-xi Samples that FSAI requested from Department of Agronomics, Food and the Marine on 21 December, of raw ingredients from the two implicated meat processing plants in Ireland. And analysed by the Identigen laboratory on testify of 4 January 2013ed very low or trace levels of equine (horse) DNA in beef products from holland, Kingdom of spain and Republic of ireland. Nevertheless, they were not linked as ingredients.[six]

FSAI receives Semi-quantitative results from the Eurofins laboratory (Germany) that corroborates the initial results from the Identigen laboratory.
Quantitative results from Identigen lab indicates that only 1 of 10 burgers tests showed an estimated low 29% level of equine (horse) Deoxyribonucleic acid. This product was manufactured past Silvercrest on behalf of Tesco.[6]

2013-01-15 The Food Rubber Authority of Ireland (FSAI) announced that equus caballus meat had been establish in frozen beefburgers at several Irish and British supermarkets, including Tesco, Asda, Dunnes Stores, Lidl, Aldi and Iceland. The FSAI conducted tests on a selection of beefiness and salami products with "best before" dates between June 2012 and March 2014.[95]
FSAI advises the five retailers concerned (Tesco, Dunnes Stores, Aldi, Lidl and Republic of iceland) of their findings. The implicated products are removed immediately.[6]
2013-01-16 Tesco'south market place value dropped past 360 million EUR.[98]
2013-01-24 Food Condom Authority of Republic of ireland (FSAI) withheld 24 examination results from a German language laboratory.[111]
2013-01-29 Samples that FSAI requested that HSE formally take from burgers in a range of retail and catering premises were analysed in the Eurofins laboratory under the direction of the HSE'due south public annotator. All tested negative except i which was a sample from Tesco that confirmed previous findings.[half-dozen]
2013-02-04 Findus is alerted by a third political party that the beef lasagne product did not "adjust to specification"[34]
2013-02-07 Revealed that Findus beefiness lasagne range in the U.k., French republic and Sweden and the shepherd's pie and moussaka ranges in France contained horse meat without proper declaration.[1] [63] [112] Out of 18 products 11 tested positive for horse meat.[1]
2013-02-08 DGCCRF audit Spanghero and was able to review the traceability of documents for the concerned batches on the past four months, which attests of the conformity of Spanghero's procedures.[113]
2013-02-13 European ministers and Commissioner (Tonio) Borg meets urgently in Brussels.[99]
2013-02-xiv DGCCRF investigation results go public, and make up one's mind the source of the fraud.[113] On 14 February the French government put the blame on the French company Spanghero but the company says it acted in proficient faith. The fraudulent sale shipped 750 ton of meat during vi months. [31]
2013-02-14 I 63-year-quondam man was arrested at Peter Boddy Licensed Slaughterhouse, in Todmorden,[114] West Yorkshire and two men, aged 64 and 42, were held at Farmbox Meats Ltd, near Aberystwyth,[114] Wales, following searches by the Nutrient Standards Bureau (FSA) on 12 February 2013[115]
2013-02-25 A study by Stellenbosch Academy found traces of water buffalo, caprine animal and donkey meat in various products on sale in South Africa.[116]
2013-02-27 Gæðakokkar 30% meat pie sold in Iceland is found to not contain any meat at all.[117] [118]
2013-03-07 Ane of two Russian suppliers of sausage to IKEA in Russia is institute to contain horse meat despite its labelling.[119]
2013-03-08 Meat returned with dark-green mould is cleaned, dried and resold in Smooth plant to make sausages and ham. Exports to UK, Ireland, Germany and Lithuania. Three other Smooth meat-processing plants were found to label equus caballus meat every bit beef.[120]

(The Identigen and Eurofin laboratories are both accredited to the European Standard EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005.)[ citation needed ] [ improper synthesis? ]

See also [edit]

  • 2008 Irish pork crisis
  • 2013 aflatoxin infestation
  • List of food contagion incidents
  • Taboo food and beverage
  • Pink slime

References [edit]

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_horse_meat_scandal

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